 
...no state shall engage in any war without the consent of the united 
states in congress assembled, unless such state be actually invaded by 
enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed by 
some nation of indians to invade such state, and the danger is so imminent as 
not to admit of a delay till the united states in congress assembled can be 
consulted... nor shall any state grant commissions to any ships or vessels of 
war... except it be after a declaration of war by the united states in congress 
assembled... and then only against the kingdom or state... against which war 
has been so declared, and under such regulations as shall be established by 
the united states in congress assembled, unless such state be infested by 
pirates, in which case vessels of war may be fitted out for that occasion, and 
kept so long as the danger shall continue, or until the united states in 
congress assembled shall determine otherwise. 
when land forces are raised by any state for the common defense, all 
officers of or under the rank of colonel shall be appointed by the legislature 
of each state respectively by whom such forces shall be raised or in such 
manner as such state shall direct... 
all charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the 
common defense or general welfare... shall be defrayed out of a common 
treasury, which shall be supplied by the several states in proportion to the 
value of all land within each state... 
the taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the 
authority and direction of the legislatures of the several states... 
